Percezione e Sicurezza: il ruolo del Progetto di Architettura

Il contributo al volume vuole offrire uno spunto di riflessione sul ruolo che pu\uf2 avere l\u2019azione-progetto nel perseguimento dell\u2019obiettivo \u201cqualit\ue0 della vita\u201d, legato alla fruizione di beni, spazi e servizi, quanto pi\uf9 possibile in autonomia, e comunque nel rispetto delle esigenze primarie delle persone in termini di sicurezza e benessere. Se si considera oltre alla dimensione \u201cambientale\u201d anche quella \u201csociale\u201d della sostenibilit\ue0, non si pu\uf2 non considerare la necessit\ue0 che gli edifici, gli spazi aperti e le infrastrutture pubbliche debbano essere progettati in modo tale che le loro soluzioni basilari (formali, tecnologiche) possano permetterne l\u2019uso ad una vasta categoria di utenti, la pi\uf9 ampia possibile, ovvero a \u201ctutti\u201d, offrendo a tutti il maggior numero possibile di pari opportunit\ue0. In questo modo l\u2019uguaglianza e i diritti di tutti

miRNAs as Influencers of Cell-Cell Communication in Tumor Microenvironment

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, inducing the degradation of the target mRNA or translational repression. MiRNAs are involved in the control of a multiplicity of biological processes, and their absence or altered expression has been associated with a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Recently, extracellular miRNAs (ECmiRNAs) have been described as mediators of intercellular communication in multiple contexts, including tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells cooperate with stromal cells and elements of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to establish a comfortable niche to grow, to evade the immune system, and to expand. Within the tumor microenvironment, cells release ECmiRNAs and other factors in order to influence and hijack the physiological processes of surrounding cells, fostering tumor progression. Here, we discuss the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of multicomplex diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and cancer, focusing on the contribution of both intracellular miRNAs, and of released ECmiRNAs in the establishment and development of cancer niche. We also review growing evidence suggesting the use of miRNAs as novel targets or potential tools for therapeutic applications

Spazi pubblici sicuri e inclusivi

L\u2019intervento illustra le principali ricerche svolte presso gli Atenei di Trieste, Udine e Venezia nel campo della fruizione in sicurezza di spazi di uso pubblico, che si connotano per un approccio multi scalare e transdisciplinare, che superano la visione delle soluzioni \u201ca norma\u201d basate sul concetto di utente standard. Tale approccio non trascura la dimensione del desiderio dell\u2019uomo di fruire di tutte le potenzialit\ue0 che un contesto \u201cabilitante\u201d sarebbe in grado di offrire, ovvero di usare spazi, beni e servizi in sicurezza e con il massimo grado di autonomia possibile, traendo giovamento nel farlo.Tali percorsi di ricerca, svolti a livello nazionale e internazionale, si focalizzano sul ruolo svolto dal progetto per elevare il grado di accessibilit\ue0 di spazi e beni di uso pubblico, con ci\uf2 contribuendo ai processi di inclusione sociale e di responsabilizzazione delle comunit\ue0 per la trasformazione sostenibile dell\u2019habitat

An Expertise-driven Authoring Tool of Privacy Policies for e-Health

Data sharing on the Internet is crucial in manyaspects of nowadays life, from economy to leisure, from public administration to healthcare. However, it implies several privacy issues that have to be managed. Definition of appropriate policies helps to safeguard the data privacy. This paper describes an authoring tool for privacy policies to be applied to the healthcare scenario. The tool exhibits two different interfaces, designed according to specific expertise of the policy authors. It is part of a general framework for editing, analysis, and enforcement of privacy policies. Furthermore, this serves as a first brick for a usability study on such tools

Capping the European price of gas

The price of gas in Europe has increased manifold over the last year. Beyond several measures adopted at Member State level to cushion the impact of high energy prices on consumers, imposing a cap on the price of gas in the EU is now being discussed. This Policy Brief proposes a strategy for implementing a cap on the price of gas in the EU, in case this is decided at political level. The strategy is based on the assumption that the European gas market could be considered as composed of two segments: (i) the gas produced in the EU or imported into the EU through pipelines (also called ‘pipeline gas’) and (ii) the gas imported into the EU as liquefied natural gas (LNG). We also assume that external exporters of pipeline gas to the EU have limited opportunities to redirect this gas to the international LNG market. The strategy is composed of two main elements: (i) the adoption of measure(s) to reduce the price of pipeline gas traded in the EU and (ii) the sourcing, on the global market, of any additional LNG volumes required in the EU through auctions organised by a Single Buyer entity (or by TSOs). The reduction of the price of pipeline gas in the EU could be achieved by (a combination of) two measures. One is based on the use of the technical functionalities employed by gas exchanges, such as the Interval Price Limits of the Intercontinental Exchange. Regulation could be applied to these technical parameters to steer the prices on the gas platforms downwards. The other measure is based on the balancing role of the TSOs and a regulatory mandate to buy and sell any quantity of balancing gas at a predefined price or price range

Securing Gas for Europe : (a follow up to the policy brief on capping the European price of gas)

The imposition of a cap on the price of gas traded in the EU is increasingly the focus of the policy debate in Europe. In a previous Policy Brief, we outlined a possible approach to contain the price of gas in the EU, while safeguarding security of supply as much as possible. In this Policy Brief we explore two aspects related to the measures outlined in the previous one: (i) How would the gas imported as LNG by the TSOs or the Single Buyer entity be allocated to the different TSOs/Member States? (ii) How would the additional costs of importing LNG with respect to the price cap for pipeline gas in the EU be recovered? In the proposed mechanism, the gas volumes to be procured through the LNG auctions would be determined by aggregating the requests of the different TSOs. Therefore, at least as a first approximation, the allocations of the procured LNG volumes to the different TSOs could be based on their respective requests. We also explore additional aspects which would need to be considered if we move beyond this first approximation. We also propose that the additional costs of importing LNG with respect to the price cap for pipeline gas in the EU be recovered through an uplift charged on final consumption. We propose different approaches in terms of uplift levels and the base on which it is charged and we compare them with respect to two criteria: revenue adequacy and the ability to provide the correct price signals to consumers to promote efficient demand reduction

AA_ArcheologiaAccessibile. La valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale attraverso l'accessibilità ambientale.

2AA_ArcheologiaAccessibile è il titolo di una ricerca delle Università di Udine e di Trieste nel campo della progettazione inclusiva e del Design for All per l'accessibilità dei beni culturali. Questa indagine, di cui si riportano i risultati nel presente articolo, fa parte di un più ampio programma interateneo per lo sviluppo dell'inclusione attuato con la partecipazione di diversi Istituti Regionali e la Direzione Regionale per i Beni Culturali e Paesaggistici FVG. In particolare lo scritto presenta l'esperienza applicata al Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Aquileia finalizzata a trasformare i tradizionali percorsi di conoscenza dei reperti in esperienze multisensoriali, educative e pedagogiche che coinvolgano e rendano tutti i visitatori partecipi indipendentemente dall’età, dalla formazione culturale e dalle abilità fisiche e senso-percettive.nonemixedChristina Conti; Ilaria GarofoloChristina, Conti; Garofolo, Ilari

An Inter-TSO Compensation Mechanism for renewable and low-carbon gases

The Hydrogen and Decarbonised Gas Markets Package, published in 2021, proposes amendments to the current regulatory gas framework, in order to promote the integration of renewable and low-carbon gases in the EU energy system. This Policy Brief focuses on one of the proposed measures on the transportation fees for renewable and low-carbon gases, which introduces a 100% discount at all interconnection points, entry points from and exit points to third countries and entry points from LNG terminals. Such a measure might call for the establishment of an Inter-TSO Compensation (ITC) mechanism enabling the TSOs hosting gas transits to be compensated for the revenues not collected through entry-exit fees. This Policy Brief assesses the extent to which the experience gained from the implementation of the ITC mechanism in the electricity sector could be relevant for an ITC mechanism for renewable and low-carbon gases. We conclude that the complexities encountered in the implementation of the electricity ITC mechanism were mostly due to the characteristics of electricity and the way in which it flows over the network, and therefore could not be expected to reoccur in the implementation of an ITC mechanism for renewable and low-carbon gases. Instead, other implications of the premises for the introduction of an ITC mechanism for renewable and low-carbon gases might require further consideration

An introduction to the early Holocene eolian deposits of Grotta Romanelli, Apulia, Southern Italy

Due to its geographic position and geomorphological configuration, Grotta Romanelli acted as a sediment trap since at least MIS 5. The so-called 'terre brune' sequence is a deposit mainly of eolian origin bearing upper Palaeolithic artefacts and fossil re-mains of vertebrate fauna; it was deposited during the Glacial-Interglacial transition and the Holocene. Sedimentology and mineralogy of this deposit are investigated. The stratigraphic sequence provides a promising archive within which both human and climatic impacts can be studied

A simple implementation of pan-European storage obligations

About 1,100 TWh of natural gas can be stored in 115 storage facilities in 19 countries in the EU27 area, accounting for 25-30% of European consumption in winter periods. Securing high storage filling levels can therefore reduce the impact of large demand shocks and supply disruptions on prices and gas availability in Europe. The expected winter-summer price spread is the main driver of decisions by market participants to store gas. Price expectations might not fully reflect the cost of extreme demand/supply conditions. In the past year storage filling levels have been inconsistent with the price spread realised, and remained below the historical average (10% less as of January 2022). Unprecedented price levels and potential threats to security of supply linked to dependence on Russia have led national and European institutions to consider introducing storage filling obligations. The European Commission has recently put forward a proposal that “[…] aims notably at ensuring that storage capacities in the Union, which are crucial to ensure security of supply, do not remain unused, to ensure that storages can be shared across the Union, in a spirit of solidarity. For that purpose, a mandatory minimum level of gas in storage facilities will reinforce the security of supply ahead of the winter 2022/2023 and for the following winter periods.” The Commission’s proposal provides (amongst other things): - a mandatory “filling target”: storage infrastructure in each Member State shall be full to at least 90% by 1 November each year (for 2022 the filling target is 80% because “Member States will need some time to set up the necessary measures”); - a mandatory “filling trajectory”: intermediate targets for each Member State in February, May, July and September (From 2023 onwards storage shall also be specifically monitored in February to avoid sudden withdrawals of gas from storage in the middle of the winter); - a commitment by each Member State to take all necessary measures, including financial incentives and compensation for market participants, to ensure that the mandatory filling targets are reached. We assessed the potential role of mandatory storage filling provisions in a recent policy brief which was published before the RePowerEU Communication and – most notably – before the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which triggered the Versailles agreement[1] to phase out European dependence on Russian imports. In this policy brief we propose a policy measure to ensure that a target storage filling level is achieved and maintained with the smallest possible impact on the functioning of the internal gas market. The remainder of the document is organised as follows. In section 1 we present a basic version of the proposed model. In section 2 we discuss some variations on the basic model. Section 3 concludes by assessing the impact of the proposed measure on the functioning of the European gas market